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Compare Saudi Arabia (2002) - Nauru (2001)

Compare Saudi Arabia (2002) z Nauru (2001)

 Saudi Arabia (2002)Nauru (2001)
 Saudi ArabiaNauru
Administrative divisions 13 provinces (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah); Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah, Al Jawf, Al Madinah, Al Qasim, Ar Riyad, Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern Province), 'Asir, Ha'il, Jizan, Makkah, Najran, Tabuk 14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure 0-14 years: 42.4% (male 5,086,541; female 4,883,942)


15-64 years: 54.8% (male 7,493,304; female 5,396,985)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 362,780; female 289,778) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
40.33% (male 2,510; female 2,365)

15-64 years:
57.97% (male 3,475; female 3,533)

65 years and over:
1.7% (male 103; female 102) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus; mutton, chickens, eggs, milk coconuts
Airports 209 (2001) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 71 70


over 3,047 m: 31 31


2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 24 23


914 to 1,523 m: 2 3


under 914 m: 2 2 (2002)
total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 138


2,438 to 3,047 m: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 79


914 to 1,523 m: 39


under 914 m: 13 (2002)
-
Area total: 1,960,582 sq km


land: 1,960,582 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
21 sq km

land:
21 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than one-fifth the size of the US about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background In 1902 Abd al-Aziz Ibn SAUD captured Riyadh and set out on a 30-year campaign to unify the Arabian Peninsula. In the 1930s, the discovery of oil transformed the country. Following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Saudi Arabia accepted the Kuwaiti royal family and 400,000 refugees while allowing Western and Arab troops to deploy on its soil for the liberation of Kuwait the following year. A burgeoning population, aquifer depletion, and an economy largely dependent on petroleum output and prices are all major governmental concerns. Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Upon achieving independence in 1968, Nauru became the smallest independent republic in the world; it joined the UN in 1999.
Birth rate 37.25 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 27.22 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $42 billion


expenditures: $54 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2002 est.)
revenues:
$23.4 million

expenditures:
$64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)
Capital Riyadh no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline 2,640 km 30 km
Constitution governed according to Shari'a (Islamic law); the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was introduced in 1993 29 January 1968
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia


conventional short form: Saudi Arabia


local long form: Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Suudiyah


local short form: Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah
conventional long form:
Republic of Nauru

conventional short form:
Nauru

former:
Pleasant Island
Currency Saudi riyal (SAR) Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 5.86 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $23.8 billion (2001 est.) $33.3 million
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Robert W. JORDAN


embassy: Collector Road M, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh


mailing address: American Embassy Riyadh, Unit 61307, APO AE 09803-1307; International Mail: P. O. Box 94309, Riyadh 11693


telephone: [966] (1) 488-3800


FAX: [966] (1) 488-7360


consulate(s) general: Dhahran, Jiddah (Jeddah)
the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador BANDAR bin Sultan bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud


chancery: 601 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037


telephone: [1] (202) 342-3800


consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, and New York
Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074

consulate(s):
Hagatna (Guam)
Disputes - international demarcation of delimited boundary with Yemen involves nomadic tribal affiliations; because details of 1974 and 1977 treaties have not been made public, the exact location of the Saudi Arabia-UAE boundary is unknown and status is considered de facto none
Economic aid - donor pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of Lebanon; since 1993, Saudi Arabia has committed $208 million for assistance to the Palestinians; pledged $240 million to development in Afghanistan -
Economic aid - recipient - $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Economy - overview This is an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. Saudi Arabia has the largest reserves of petroleum in the world (26% of the proved reserves), ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 75% of budget revenues, 45% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. About 25% of GDP comes from the private sector. Roughly 4 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, for example, in the oil and service sectors. Riyadh expects to have a budget deficit in 2002, in part because of increased spending for education and other social programs. The government in 1999 announced plans to begin privatizing the electricity companies, which follows the ongoing privatization of the telecommunications company. The government is expected to continue calling for private sector growth to lessen the kingdom's dependence on oil and increase employment opportunities for the swelling Saudi population. Shortages of water and rapid population growth will constrain government efforts to increase self-sufficiency in agricultural products. Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within five to ten years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freezing of wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption 114.86 billion kWh (2000) 27.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 123.5 billion kWh (2000) 30 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Jabal Sawda' 3,133 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10% Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates Saudi riyals per US dollar - 3.7450 (fixed rate since June 1986) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: King and Prime Minister FAHD bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 13 June 1982); Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (half-brother to the monarch, heir to the throne since 13 June 1982, regent from 1 January to 22 February 1996); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: King and Prime Minister FAHD bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 13 June 1982); Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (half-brother to the monarch, heir to the throne since 13 June 1982, regent from 1 January to 22 February 1996); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers is appointed by the monarch and includes many royal family members


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
chief of state:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results:
Bernard DOWIYOGO elected president by a vote in Parliament of nine to eight

note:
former President Rene HARRIS was deposed in a no-confidence vote; this is the eighth change of government in Nauru since the fall of the Lagumont HARRIS government in a no-confidence motion in early November 1996; six of the last eight governments have resulted because of parliamentary no-confidence motions
Exports $66.9 billion f.o.b. (2001) $25.3 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Exports - commodities petroleum and petroleum products 90% phosphates
Exports - partners US 17.4%, Japan 17.3%, South Korea 11.7%, Singapore 5.3%, India (2000) Australia, NZ
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description green with large white Arabic script (that may be translated as There is no God but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God) above a white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); green is the traditional color of Islam blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP purchasing power parity - $241 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $59 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 7%


industry: 48%


services: 45% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $10,600 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.6% (2001 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 25 00 N, 45 00 E 0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note extensive coastlines on Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through Persian Gulf and Suez Canal Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Heliports 5 (2002) -
Highways total: 146,524 km


paved: 44,104 km


unpaved: 102,420 km (1997 est.)
total:
30 km

paved:
24 km

unpaved:
6 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption of heroin, cocaine, and hashish -
Imports $29.7 billion f.o.b. (2001) $21.1 million (c.i.f., 1991)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners US 21.1%, Japan 9.4%, Germany 7.4%, UK 7.3% (2000) Australia, UK, NZ, Japan
Independence 23 September 1932 (Unification of the Kingdom) 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 1% (1997 est.) NA%
Industries crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, cement, construction, fertilizer, plastics phosphate mining, financial services, coconut products
Infant mortality rate 49.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 10.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.7% (2001) -3.6% (1993)
International organization participation ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BIS, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, ICAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 42 (2001) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 16,200 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Council of Justice Supreme Court
Labor force 7 million


note: 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
-
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 12%, industry 25%, services 63% (1999 est.) employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries total: 4,431 km


border countries: Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 1.72%


permanent crops: 0.06%


other: 98.22% (1998 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch a consultative council (90 members and a chairman appointed by the monarch for four-year terms) unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18
Life expectancy at birth total population: 68.4 years


male: 66.7 years


female: 70.2 years (2002 est.)
total population:
61.2 years

male:
57.7 years

female:
64.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 78%


male: 84.2%


female: 69.5% (2002 est.)
definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references Middle East Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 18 NM


continental shelf: not specified


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,071,315 GRT/1,412,125 DWT


ships by type: cargo 11, chemical tanker 10, container 4, livestock carrier 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 20, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 11, short-sea passenger 8


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Egypt 3, Finland 1, Greece 3, Kuwait 1, Sudan 1, United Arab Emirates 1, United Kingdom 3 (2002 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Land Force (Army), Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, National Guard, Ministry of Interior Forces (paramilitary) no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $18.3 billion (FY00) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 13% (FY00) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 6,007,635 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
3,018 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 3,359,849 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
1,661 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 17 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 233,402 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September (1932) Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality noun: Saudi(s)


adjective: Saudi or Saudi Arabian
noun:
Nauruan(s)

adjective:
Nauruan
Natural hazards frequent sand and dust storms periodic droughts
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper phosphates
Net migration rate 1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 6,400 km; petroleum products 150 km; natural gas 2,200 km (includes natural gas liquids 1,600 km) -
Political parties and leaders none allowed loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 23,513,330


note: includes 5,360,526 non-nationals (July 2002 est.)
12,088 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 3.27% (2002 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Duba, Jiddah, Jizan, Rabigh, Ra's al Khafji, Mishab, Ras Tanura, Yanbu' al Bahr, Madinat Yanbu' al Sinaiyah Nauru
Radio broadcast stations AM 43, FM 31, shortwave 2 (1998) AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 6.25 million (1997) 7,000 (1997)
Railways total: 1,392 km


standard gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (724 km are double-tracked) (2001)
total:
5 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast
Religions Muslim 100% Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.39 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.25 male(s)/female


total population: 1.22 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.01 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage none 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: modern system


domestic: extensive microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable systems


international: microwave radio relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait and Jordan; submarine cable to Djibouti, Egypt and Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region)
general assessment:
adequate local and international radiotelephone communications provided via Australian facilities

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 3.1 million (1998) 2,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1 million


note: in 1998, the government contracted for the installation of 575,000 additional Group Speciale Mobile (GSM) cellular telephone lines over 15 months to raise the total number of subscribers to more than one million; Riyadh planned to further expand the GSM system in 1999 by adding an additional one million lines (1998)
450 (1994)
Television broadcast stations 117 (1997) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly uninhabited, sandy desert sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate 6.21 children born/woman (2002 est.) 3.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 0%
Waterways none none
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